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Is it a good idea to use your emergency fund to get out of debt faster?

There are two important things you'll want to consider before raiding your emergency fund.

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Doucefleur | iStock | Getty Images

For many people, getting out of debt as quickly as possible is a major priority — especially if you've carried the debt for several years and have been getting crushed by high interest charges. So if you're this close to getting rid of your balance once and for all, you might be wondering if it's a good idea to use savings from an emergency fund to pay off your debt for good.

Why paying off debt can feel so urgent

Many people aim to pay off debt as soon as possible because paying down your balance means saving on interest charges. "Good" debt is generally considered any debt that has an interest rate below 7%, while "bad" debt is thought to carry an interest rate above 7%. The truth is, however, paying any interest on top of your balance can sometimes make you feel like you're taking one step forward and two steps back.

This is why many Americans believe they will never pay off their student loan balances, or why high amounts of credit card debt can often feel crippling. The faster you pay down your balance, the less money you'll have to spend on interest charges.

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Another draw when it comes to quickly paying off debt is being able to redirect your money toward other goals. Northwestern Mutual's 2020 Planning & Progress Study found that 58% of respondents who carry debt feel that their balance has been preventing them from hitting major financial milestones. Of those respondents, 36% delayed making large purchases, 29% said they delayed saving for retirement, 18% delayed purchasing a home, 8% delayed having children and 7% delayed marriage.

So being able to finally achieve certain financial goals can be an important driver when it comes to aggressively paying off your debt. If you spend $500 per month for credit card or loan payments, you can redirect that $500 toward retirement savings, or a wedding, or a home purchase once you're debt-free.

Should you use your emergency fund to pay off debt?

The short answer is: it depends on how much debt you carry and how much money you have in your emergency fund.

Keep in mind that your emergency fund exists to cover unexpected expenses that would otherwise set you back financially and put you deeper into debt. So if you had to use a significant chunk of your emergency fund to pay off debt, you may greatly reduce your ability to cover a big unexpected expense. This is why you need to consider how much debt you have left and how big your emergency fund is.

For example, if you have $10,000 in your emergency fund and a $5,000 credit card balance remaining, paying off the debt would wipe out half of your emergency fund — and this could put you in a more vulnerable financial position if you don't have any other savings. But if you have a $10,000 emergency fund and a $500 credit card balance remaining, you may be more likely to use some of your savings and still feel confident in your ability to handle a large unexpected expense.

"If paying down these types of [debts] leaves you vulnerable to a financial crisis that could potentially result in harming your credit, filing for personal bankruptcy, or being temporarily or permanently impoverished, then the financial reward from the debt reduction interest savings may not be worth the risk," explains J.R. Robinson, a Personal Finance Expert at Credello.

And if you do decide that it would be feasible for you to use some cash from your emergency savings to pay off your debt, don't forget to take the steps to rebuild your emergency fund.

Methods for paying off debt faster

There are many strategies you can use to become debt-free a little quicker and to make the process feel a bit more manageable. If you have multiple debts with varying interest rates, you can try the debt snowball method to help you throw extra payments at the debt with the lowest balance first (while making just the minimum payments on your other debts). This lets you pay down one balance much quicker, which will also keep you motivated to keep working away at your other balances.

On the flip side, the debt avalanche method targets the debt with the highest interest rate first (while making the minimum payments on your other debts). This helps you save the most on interest charges.

You might also consider using a personal loan to consolidate multiple debts — especially if making payments toward several balances feels a bit overwhelming. With debt consolidation, you'll apply for a specific amount that's enough to cover the total of all your debts and the lender will send a specified amount to each of your creditors to pay off those debts. Then, you'll only be responsible for paying back the personal loan in the form of fixed, equal monthly payments plus interest. Most personal loan lenders — like LightStream and SoFi — allow you to apply for a debt consolidation loan.

LightStream Personal Loans

  • Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

    6.49% - 24.89%* APR with AutoPay

  • Loan purpose

    Debt consolidation, home improvement, auto financing, medical expenses, and others

  • Loan amounts

    $5,000 to $100,000

  • Terms

    24 to 144 months* dependent on loan purpose

  • Credit needed

    Good

  • Origination fee

    None

  • Early payoff penalty

    None

  • Late fee

    None

Terms apply. *AutoPay discount is only available prior to loan funding. Rates without AutoPay are 0.50% points higher. Excellent credit required for lowest rate. Rates vary by loan purpose.

SoFi Personal Loans

  • Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

    8.74% - 35.49% when you sign up for autopay

  • Loan purpose

    Debt consolidation/refinancing, home improvement, relocation assistance or medical expenses

  • Loan amounts

    $5,000 to $100,000

  • Terms

    24 to 84 months

  • Credit needed

    Good to excellent

  • Origination fee

    No fees required

  • Early payoff penalty

    None

  • Late fee

    None

Terms apply.

Another effective option can sometimes be using a 0% APR balance transfer card if high interest rates are making it feel difficult to pay off your credit card debt. So let's say you apply for a credit card like the Citi Simplicity® Card or the U.S. Bank Visa® Platinum Card: you'll be able to transfer the balance of an existing credit card to a new card and pay off as much as you can with an introductory APR offer.

Citi Simplicity® Card

CNBC Select Rating
4.3
CNBC Select Rating
4.3

Spotlight

Receive a 0% intro APR for 18 months on balance transfers and purchases from the date of account opening.

Credit score

Good to Excellent670–850

Regular APR

17.49% - 28.24% variable

Annual fee

$0

Welcome bonus

None

See rates and fees. Terms apply. Read our Citi Simplicity® Card review.

Information about the Citi Simplicity® Card has been collected independently by Select and has not been reviewed or provided by the issuer of the card prior to publication.

The Citi Simplicity® Card may not earn rewards, but it can still save you money due to its amazing intro-APR offers.

Balance transfer fee

There is an intro balance transfer fee of 3% of each transfer (minimum $5) completed within the first 4 months of account opening. After that, your fee will be 5% of each transfer (minimum $5).

Foreign transaction fee

3%

U.S. Bank Visa® Platinum Card

CNBC Select Rating
4.3

Information about the U.S. Bank Visa® Platinum Card has been collected independently by Select and has not been reviewed or provided by the issuer of the card prior to publication.

CNBC Select Rating
4.3

Information about the U.S. Bank Visa® Platinum Card has been collected independently by Select and has not been reviewed or provided by the issuer of the card prior to publication.

Credit score

N/A

Regular APR

See terms

Annual fee

See terms

Welcome bonus

See terms

*See rates and fees, terms apply.

Lastly, creating a budget may help you pay down your debt faster all while being beneficial to your overall financial health.

"By tracking your money and changing spending habits, you can free up cash to pay off debt faster," Robinson says. "Look for ways to spend less money and also make more money. Where can you cut corners? Can you cook more and order out less? What about a side gig or selling some items you own?"

Catch up on Select's in-depth coverage of personal financetech and toolswellness and more, and follow us on FacebookInstagram and Twitter to stay up to date.

* Information about the U.S. Bank Visa® Platinum Card has been collected independently by CNBC Select and has not been reviewed or provided by the issuer of the card prior to publication.

Editorial Note: Opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Select editorial staff’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any third party.

When Is It Okay To Use Your Emergency Fund To Pay Off Debt?

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