The changing face of the Dow: See the names that have come and gone on the path to 40,000

The Dow Jones Industrial Average reached a key milestone on Thursday, the latest in a more than 100-year ascent that's involved an everchanging group of stocks.

The closely followed average on Thursday broke above the 40,000 marker for the first time in its history. But the index today looks far different than it did a century ago — or even just a few decades prior.

The average was created by Charles Dow in 1896 with just 12 industrial stocks. Paired with the Dow Jones Transportation Average, the two were collectively meant to offer a gauge for the broader economy. After eight stocks were added in 1916, followed by another 10 in 1928, the Dow has stood for nearly a century at 30 members.

To reflect the country's industrial presence, companies have been added and removed over time as the economy has evolved. Take technology, for example. There are now seven stocks from the sector in the index, reflecting its growing prominence in the equity market and corporate world.

A committee governs stock selection for the esteemed group of blue-chip stocks, according to S&P Dow Jones Indices, the S&P Global-owned company that operates the benchmark. Though it has no defined rules, the group typically analyzes a firm's reputation, growth over a long period and relevance to investors. A sector's representation in the Dow compared with its place in the broader market can also play a role.

The sole caveat: No utility or transportation stocks are included, given the existence of the Dow Jones Utility Average and Transportation Average.

With the Dow hitting its next big milestone, CNBC looked back at which companies comprised the index at previous important moments.

It may be hard to imagine given the recent achievement, but the Dow traded below 1,000 until the early 1970s.

The index broke above the level on Nov. 14, 1972 — a little over a week after Richard Nixon won the presidential election. It finished that year up more than 14%.

During the year with "Rocket Man" and "Lean on Me" topping music charts and "The Godfather" in theaters, industrial and material stocks still made up a sizable chunk. Some names like General Foods and International Harvester have been acquired or no longer exist. A portion of the companies that originally made up this group, such as Chevron and Procter & Gamble, are still members.

It wasn't until the mid-1990s that the Dow would crack 5,000.

This level was reached on Nov. 20, 1995. But the Dow didn't officially close above it until Nov. 21 of that year.

With a gain of more than 33%, 1995 marked the Dow's best year since 1975 and remains its sixth-best in history. At this point, the stock market crash of 1987 known as Black Monday occurred almost a decade prior.

In 1995, "Clueless" and "Toy Story" were capturing the attention of American youth, and Oasis had just released the hit song "Wonderwall." By this time, with the addition of stocks like McDonald's and Walt Disney, nearly half of the members in the index today had held membership.

Within just four years, the Dow hit another key price: 10,000.

The average first touched the level on March 16, 1999. However, it took several days of choppy trading for the index to close a session above 10,000 on March 29, 1999.

Americans were preparing for the turn of the century while wondering if the "Y2K" glitch would materialize. The book version of "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" had been released.

March 1999 was also part of the peak of the dot-com bubble, which would give way to a major market crash starting just about one year later. Still, tech had not yet emerged as a major part of the Dow, with key names like Apple and Microsoft yet to earn a spot. And Alcoa, Sears and Union Carbide were still members.

The market would have to overcome two major setbacks before the Dow reached 20,000.

The dot-com bubble and the Global Financial Crisis defined much of the 2000s from an economic perspective. But after climbing for much of the early to mid-2010s, the index hit the marker on Jan. 25, 2017.

That record came just days after Donald Trump was inaugurated as president. The Dow would go on to finish the year with a return of more than 25%.

About five out of every six stocks in the Dow are still in it slightly more than seven years later. By 2017, several of those important tech names had been added, in addition to stocks like Visa, Travelers and Nike that are still around today.

Less than four years ago, the index was almost 10,000 points lower than where it now trades.

The Dow first broke 30,000 on Nov. 24, 2020, as the pandemic defined everyday life in America. Earlier that month, Joe Biden had been elected to replace Trump as president. The Dow finished 2020 with an advance of more than 7%.

By 2020, as many workers and students were sent home for health precautions, tech had only grown in its relevance within the index. One of the latest editions was cloud software stock Salesforce. It replaced Exxon Mobil, which had been in the index for more than nine decades.

All but one member, Walgreens Boots Alliance, on this day in 2020 are the same today.

Within just a few more years, the Dow added another feather under its cap: 40,000.

Of course, those years weren't all smooth sailing. The Dow saw its worst year since 2008 in 2022, though 2023's rebound allowed the index to erase those losses.

Much of that rally and the subsequent gain this year has been powered by investor excitement around artificial intelligence. And a group of mega-cap technology stocks dubbed the "Magnificent Seven" has been credited with an outsized influence as the market climbed to new heights. One of those members — e-commerce giant Amazon — got swapped in for Walgreens earlier this year to make the Dow what it is today.

Correction: The Dow average first hit 10,000 on March 16, 1999, but closed at that touchpoint for the first time nearly two weeks later on March 29, 1999. An earlier version misstated the intraday date.